1. Online Product Recommendation by Users Digital Features and Trust Score
Authors: Neeraj Mishra
Abstract: The rapid expansion of web-based services has driven a significant shift toward online platforms, where users actively share opinions and experiences through social rating systems. This growing reliance on online feedback has created new research opportunities to understand and predict user behavior by analyzing digital interactions within social networks. In this study, we present a model that combines two key sources of information: social web service ratings and social community interactions. Users are first identified from the dataset, and their reputations are estimated based on historical rating patterns. Subsequently, a learning framework is designed to continuously update social features related to both users and web services, allowing the model to capture how these factors influence a user’s rating behavior over time. Experimental results, when compared with an existing baseline approach, demonstrate that the proposed method achieves improved prediction performance.
2. Factors Affecting Deposit Growth of Selected Private Commercial Banks in Ethiopia
Authors:Worku Desalegn Adelegn
Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the factors that affect the deposit growth of selected private commercial banks in Ethiopia. This study also examines both macroeconomic and bank-specific factors affecting the deposit growth of selected private commercial banks. The researcher used an explanatory research design and collected data from a secondary panel dataset covering the years 2013 to 2022. Those 12 private commercial banks were selected through purposive sampling. Quantitative data was gathered from the national banks of Ethiopia, the World Bank, and the annual reports of private commercial banks. The researchers used multiple linear regression models and Stata software to analyze the data. The study found that factors such as customer growth rate, capital adequacy, Treasury bill rate, and foreign remittance growth rate have a positive and statistically significant effect on deposit growth in private commercial banks. However, branch expansion rate had a positive effect that was not statistically significant. Government expenditures had a negative and significant effect on deposit growth, while the effects of inflation and GDP growth were negative but not statistically significant. To conclude that, The growth of deposits in private commercial banks in Ethiopia was mainly affected by the customer growth rate, capital adequacy ratio, foreign remittance growth rate, government expenditure growth rate, and the Treasury bill rate. Finally, the researcher advised private commercial banks to attract more foreign remittances by enhancing their marketing strategies and online systems. Additionally, banks prioritized customer satisfaction by providing easy access to savings and ensuring security. Banks are actively encouraging individuals to invest in Treasury bills, following the guidelines set by NBE Directive Number 2011. Governments should spend more on infrastructure and job creation, leading to an increase in bank deposits as they open more branches and encourage saving to fund these projects. Banks must prioritized deposit accumulation and capital levels for financial stability assessments.
3. Iris Segmentation from Digital Image Using Content Features and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Archana Singh
Abstract: Biometric identification using eye images relies heavily on accurate iris detection. Localizing the iris region from other parts of the eye is a challenging task, as eye images vary significantly across individuals and can also change over time due to lighting, pose, and image quality. This paper presents an iris segmentation approach that combines both color and edge features to improve detection accuracy. The segmentation process primarily depends on selecting appropriate color features to identify the iris region. A hybrid optimization strategy, integrating the Butterfly Algorithm with Particle Swarm Optimization, is employed to determine optimal cluster centers for iris localization. The use of this hybrid genetic-based approach enhances the accuracy of color feature detection. Once the relevant features are identified, edge information is used to locate the circular structure of the iris. Although the iris is not a perfect circle, the surrounding region is also included to ensure complete coverage of the iris area. Experimental validation was carried out on real-world datasets containing both left and right eye images, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.
4. Green Bonds as A Tool for Financing Sustainability: A Comparative Study of India and Global Markets
Authors: Deeksha N N, K Sunayana Bhat, Manoj M, Dr. Abhijit Chakraborty
Abstract: Green bonds are becoming an important way to raise money for projects that protect the environment and support clean energy. The aim of this study is to understand how green bonds help in financing sustainable projects and to compare India’s progress with major global markets like the US, Europe, and China. To achieve this, secondary data has been used from SEBI, RBI, government reports, and international financial sources. The findings show that global markets are more advanced, with strong rules, high investor trust, and large investment flows into green projects. India is growing quickly in this area, especially in renewable energy, but still needs clearer policies, stronger monitoring systems, better incentives, and more investor awareness to match global standards. The study suggests that if India focuses on transparency, offers financial benefits, and strengthens certification standards, it can attract more investors and speed up the growth of sustainable projects. This will help India support environmental protection and achieve long-term climate goals more effectively.
5. E-Governance for Transparency and Youth Democratic Engagement: A Comparative Study
Authors: Muhammad Umar Farooq, Ahsan yousaf
Abstract: The central objective of this paper is to examine the capacity of contemporary governance systems to employ digital technology for enhancing transparency and straightening youth democratic engagement. Digital governance has emerged as a tool for improving public sector accountability, reducing corruption, and creating new opportunities for civic participation. This research approaches to explore how different countries utilize digital platforms like open data systems, online service portals, and youth engagement, to enhance transparency, improve decision making and integrate young citizens in democratic processes. In the context of Pakistan, the study highlights the critical significance of digital tools in addressing the country’s complex governance challenges. Many citizens rely on digital platforms such as the Pakistan Citizen Portal, open-budget dashboards, and youth-focused digital initiatives to improve transparency and reconnect young people with democratic processes. These developments highlight both the opportunities and the challenges associated with adopting e-governance reforms in an emerging democracy. Digital governance has emerged as a tool for improving public sector accountability and creating opportunities for youth civic participation (UN E-Government Survey, 2022).